Using Snow Coat as an Example of Climate Change and Adaptive Traits

Least Weasels as drawn by skilled
illustrator

In a recent study in Science Journal, climate researchers L. Scott Mills, et al, are using seasonal coat changes as an example to demonstrate the need for adaptive rescue strategies for saving species from human initiated climate change. Many species in snow covered areas have adapted to seasonal snow by possessing white coats in the winter and then shedding them for brown coats when snow is less prevalent, this trait is known as winter coat polymorphism. The study tracked the coloration of four species of hares, three weasles, and arctic wolves in relation to their geographical location and annual snow cover. Using over 2500 samples from over 60 countries the researchers determined ranges for the species sampled where there are white only, brown only, and both white and brown.

This research is important for conservationists to recognize the effect adaption has on fitness in changing climates. It recognizes in discreet ways how sharp decreases in biodiversity can be counteracted by shifts in the frequencies of traits in populations. Populations of those species that change coats seasonally may have higher success in the future as warmer winters become more frequent than monomorphic populations.

This study provides an example of how climate change is affecting a wide range of species. From this, we can make much broader generalizations and models of other endangered species and help select for/ introduce individuals that are more likely to survive. These efforts can work in parallel to traditional conservation to improve the outlook species in a variety of ecosystems.

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